Topics in East European History

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Level: 
Doctoral
CEU credits: 
2
ECTS credits: 
4
Academic year: 
2009/2010
Academic year: 
2010/2011
Academic year: 
2011/2012
Semester: 
Winter
Start and end dates: 
9 Jan 2012 - 30 Mar 2012
Co-hosting Unit(s) [if applicable]: 
Department of History
Stream/Track/Specialization/Core Area: 
Social and Political History in a Comparative Perspective
CEU Instructor(s): 
Karl Hall
CEU Instructor(s): 
Alexei Miller
Additional information: 
Since this is an advanced seminar, it will be tailored where possible to the specific research interests of the students, who will develop reading texts and presentation strategies in consultation with the instructors. Those whose primary research focus is not Eastern Europe may also introduce appropriate comparative agendas. Prospective participants in the seminar are strongly encouraged to suggest topics to the instructors beforehand. MA students (1YR and 2nd-year 2YR) with relevant research interests and background are welcome, and should contact one of the instructors for permission to take the course for credit.
Learning Outcomes: 
This course provides students with the opportunity to hone their critical knowledge of the historiography of Eastern Europe. A basic content literacy is assumed, and our goal is to work with students on the more advanced skills necessary to understand how received views of canonical topics have been formed, refined, and displaced over time within the profession. Students should emerge from the course with a stronger ability to orient their own research agendas vis-à-vis the larger historical profession, and for those topics unrelated to their own research, they will acquire useful resources in preparing their own teaching portfolios.
Assessment : 
Presentations will be informal, with students taking turns as lead discussants for sections of the seminar. (40%) A final essay (circa 15 pp.), topic chosen in consultation with the instructors. (60%)
Full description: 

This course is intended to assist first year PhD students in preparing for the comprehensive exam by surveying a major regional field. It deals with the vast space of Eastern and East-Central Europe that became the borderland of the Romanov, Habsburg and Hohenzollern empires after the collapse of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The contiguity of these empires and their relationships to each other will be the focus of discussion more often than the domestic politics of Russia. In chronological terms the seminar ranges from the eighteenth century into the twentieth century, depending on the needs of the students. Each seminar discusses selected texts on topics such as mental mapping of the region, modernization, history of ideas, and empires and nationalism, and other topics of current interest in the profession.

COURSE SCHEDULE AND READINGS

[1] January 10 - Organizational (note that topics in subsequent weeks will change according to the research interests of this year's cohort)

[2] January 17 - The Nationalities Question in the Soviet Era

Terry Martin, "An Affirmative Action Empire. The Soviet Union as the Highest Form of Imperialism," in Ronald Suny and Terry Martin (eds.), A State of Nations: Empire and Nation-Making in the Age of Lenin and Stalin (2001), 67-89. [savepdf]

Francine Hirsch, "Toward an Empire of Nations: Border-Making and the Formation of Soviet National Identities," Russian Review 59 (2000): 201-226. [saveJSTOR]

Yuri Slezkine, "The USSR as a Communal Apartment, or How a Socialist State Promoted Ethnic Particularism," Slavic Review 53 (1994), 414-52. [saveJSTOR]

Veljko Vujacic, "Stalinism and Russian nationalism: A reconceptualization," Post-Soviet Affairs 23 (2007): 156-183. [savepdf]

[3] January 24 - Interwar Soviet Union in comparative perspective

Stephen Kotkin, “Modern Times: The Soviet Union and the Interwar Conjuncture.” Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History 2, no. 1 (2001): 111-164.[savepdf]

Peter Holquist, "'Information is the alpha and omega of our work': Bolshevik surveillance in its pan-European context," J. Mod. Hist. 69 (1997): 415-450. [saveJSTOR] [savepdf (Russian)]

Hoffmann, David L. "European Modernity and Soviet Socialism." In Hoffmann, David L, and Yanni Kotsonis, eds. Russian Modernity: Politics, Knowledge, Practices. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2000. 245-260. [savepdf]

[4] January 31 - Leadership Cults in Comparative Context

Balázs Apor, “‘Ignorance is bliss’: Cult-reception and Popular Indifference in Communist Hungary (1947-1956).” In Der Führer im Europa des 20. Jahrhunderts, edited by Benno Ennker and Heidi Hein-Kircher, 27:90-107. Tagungen zur Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung. Marburg: Verl. Herder-Inst., 2010. [savepdf]

Yves Cohen, “The Cult of Number One in an Age of Leaders: Translated by Steven E. Harris.” Kritika 8, no. 3 (2007): 597-634. [savepdf]

Jan Plamper, The Stalin cult : a study in the alchemy of power (2012), xiii-25. [savepdf]

Malte Rolf, “The leader’s many bodies: leader cults and mass festivals in Voronezh, Novosibirsk, and Kemerovo in the 1930s.” In Personality cults in Stalinism: Personenkulte im Stalinismus, edited by Klaus Heller and Jan Plamper (2004), 197-206. [savepdf]

[5] February 7 - Military Captivity as Cross-cultural Experience

Heather Jones, “A Missing Paradigm? Military Captivity and the Prisoner of War, 1914-18,” Immigrants & Minorities 26, no. 1/2 (2008): 19-48. [savepdf]

Oxana Nagornaja, “United by Barbed Wire Russian POWs in Germany, National Stereotypes, and International Relations, 1914-22,” Kritika 10, no. 3 (2009): 475-498. [savepdf]

Alon Rachamimov, POWs and the Great War: Captivity on the Eastern Front (2002), 16-19; 78-82; 115-125; 145-153. [savepdf]

Optional: 

Yucel Yanikdag, “Ottoman Prisoners of War in Russia, 1914-22,” Journal of Contemporary History 34, no. 1 (January 1999): 69-85.

[6] February 14 - Citizen and subject 

Eric Lohr, "The ideal citizen and the real subject in late imperial Russia," Kritika 7 (2006): 173-194. [savepdf]

Yanni Kotsonis, "'Face-to-face': The state, the individual, and the citizen in Russian taxation, 1863-1917," Slavic Review 63 (2004): 221-246. [savepdf]

Yanni Kotsonis, "'No place to go': Taxation and state transformation in late imperial and early Soviet Russia," J. Modern History 76 (2004): 531-577. [savepdf]

[7] February 21 - The Socialist City 

R. A. French and Ian Hamilton, The Socialist City: Spatial Structure and Urban Policy (1979) (introduction). [savepdf]

Katerina Gerasimova, “Public Privacy in the Soviet Communal Apartment” in Socialist Spaces : Sites of Everyday Life in the Eastern Bloc. David Crowley and Susan E. Reid (eds.) (2002), 207-230. [savepdf]

Stephen Kotkin, Magnetic Mountain: Stalinism as Civilization (1995), Chapter 3 “The Idiocy of Urban Life”. [savepdf]

[8] February 28 - Late Nineteenth Century Monarchies in Comparative Perspective

Richard Wortman, Scenarios of Power: Myth and Ceremony in Russian Monarchy (1995), 3-15, 481-528. [savepdf]

Takashi Fujitani, Splendid Monarchy : Power and Pageantry in Modern Japan (1998), 1-28, 197-229. [savepdf]

David Cannadine, “The Context, Performance and Meaning of Ritual: The British Monarchy and The ’invention of Tradition’, C. 1820-1977.” In The Invention of Tradition, edited by E. J Hobsbawm and T. O Ranger (1992), 101–64. [savepdf]

[9] March 6 - Muslim Subjects into Russians: Imperial Consolidation Policies Through Education, Conversion

Wayne Dowler, "The Politics of Language in Non-Russian Elementary Schools in the Eastern Empire, 1865-1914," Russian Review 54, no. 4 (Oct., 1995): 516-538. [savepdf]

Robert Geraci, Window on the East: National and Imperial Identities in Late Tsarist Russia (2001), 116-157. [savepdf]

Paul Werth, At the Margins of Orthodoxy: Mission, Governance, and Confessional Politics (2002),124-146, 177-200. [savepdf]

[10] March 13 - The Russian Country House

John Randolph, "The old mansion: Revisiting the history of the Russian country estate," Kritika 1 (2000): 719-749. [savepdf]

Pushkareva, "The Russian noble country house in post-reform Russia," Russian Studies in History 42 (2003): 52-86.   [savepdf]

John Randolph, The House in the Garden: The Bakunin Family and the Romance of Rissian Idealism (2004), 48-81. [savepdf]

[11] March 20 - Dilemmas of the Soviet working class 

M. Burawoy, "Karl Marx and the Satanic mills: Factory politics under early capitalism in England, the United States, and Russia," American Journal of Sociology 90 (1984): 247-282. [savepdf]

L. Siegelbaum, Stakhanovism and the Politics of Productivity in the USSR, 1935-1941 (1988), 16-65. [savepdf]

D. Filtzer, "Labor discipline, the use of work time, and the decline of the Soviet system, 1928-1991," Int. Labor and Working-Class History 50 (1996): 9-28. [savepdf]

[12] March 27 - Expert Knowledge and Technopolitics

Kohlrausch, Martin, Katrin Steffen, and Stefan Wiederkehr. Expert Cultures in Central Eastern Europe: The Internationalization of Knowledge and the Transformation of Nation States Since World War I. Fibre, 2010. (introduction and Stefan Rohdewald. Mimicry in a Multiple Postcolonial Setting).

Hecht, Gabrielle. Entangled Geographies: Empire and Technopolitics in the Global Cold War. MIT Press, 2011. (Introduction)

 

Topics from previous years:

Empire and nation-building

Alexei Miller, "The value and the limits of a comparative approach to the history of contiguous empires on the European periphery," A Mega-System of Empires, 11-24. [savepdf]

S. Berger and A. Miller, "Nation-Building and Regional Integration, c. 1800 - 1914: the Role of Empires." [savedoc]

Alexei Miller, "The Empire and the Nation in the Imagination of Russian Nationalism" The Romanov empire and nationalism : essays in the methodology of historical research (2008). [savepdf]

The Formation of the Soviet Union and 'Lenin's Last Struggle'

Peter Blitstein, “Cultural Diversity and the Interwar Conjuncture: Soviet Nationality Policy in Its Comparative Context.” Slavic Review 65, no. 2 (Summer 2006): 273-293.[savepdf]

Victor Swoboda, “Was the Soviet Union Really Necessary?.” Soviet Studies 44, no. 5 (1992): 761-784. [savepdf]

Erik Van Ree, "‘Lenin's Last Struggle’ Revisited.” Revolutionary Russia 14, no. 2 (2001): 85-88, 100-113, 117-119. [savepdf]

Commemorative Practices in the Soviet Union: The 1937 Pushkin Anniversary

David Brandenberger. National Bolshevism : Stalinist mass culture and the formation of modern Russian national identity, 1931-1956. Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press, 2002. pp. 77-112. [savepdf]

Stephanie Sandler. Commemorating Pushkin : Russia's myth of a national poet. Stanford, Calif. : Stanford University Press, 2004. pp. 77-94. [savepdf]

Kyrill Kunakhovich. "The Pushkin Centennials of 1937: Russians Abroad, the Soviet Union, & the Politics of Russian National Identity." Speech for The Russian National Idea in the 19th and 20th Century Conference, June 6th and 7th 2008, St Antony’s College, Oxford. [savepdf]

Optional:

Марина Загидуллина. Пушкинский миф в конце ХХ века. Челябинск: Челябинский Гос. Ун-т, 2001, стр. 97-134. [savepdf]

Stephanie Sandler. The 1937 Pushkin Jubilee as Epic Trauma, in Epic revisionism : Russian history and literature as Stalinist propaganda, ed. by Kevin M.F. Platt and David Brandenberger. Madison : University of Wisconsin Press, 2005. pp. 193-214. [savepdf]

Situating "Central Europe," as seen from somewhere to the east

Milan Kundera, "The tragedy of Central Europe," New York Review of Books 31 (26 April 1984).

Joseph Brodsky, "Why Milan Kundera is wrong about Dostoevsky," New York Times (17 February 1985).

Please read any two of the contributions to the issue "Central Europe: Ten Years After," European Review of History 6 (1999). [saveEBSCO]

Suggested reading:

Alexei Miller, "[The theme of Central Europe: History, contemporary discourses, and the place of Russia within them]," Novoe Literaturnoe Obozrenie 52 (2001).

Medical knowledge and civil society

Laura Engelstein, “Morality and the Wooden Spoon: Russian Doctors View Syphilis, Social Class, and Sexual Behavior, 1890-1905, Representations 14 (Spring, 1986): 169-208. [saveJSTOR]

Elizabeth Hachten, "In Service to Science and Society: Scientists and the Public in Late-Nineteenth-Century Russia," Osiris 17, Science and Civil Society (2002), 171-209. [saveJSTOR]

Daniel Beer, "Blueprints for change: The human sciences and the coercive transformation of deviants in Russia, 1880-1930," Osiris 22 (2007): 26-47. [savepdf]

The Great Retreat

Nicholas Timasheff, The great retreat : the growth and decline of Communism in Russia (1946). [savepdf]

From Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History - Volume 5, Number 4, Fall 2004:

David L. Hoffmann, "Was There a "Great Retreat" from Soviet Socialism? Stalinist Culture Reconsidered" (651-674) [savepdf]

Matthew E. Lenoe, "In Defense of Timasheff's Great Retreat" (721-730) [savepdf]

Jeffrey Brooks, "1942- Declassifying a 'Classic'" (709-719) [savepdf]

Peasant histories

David Moon, "Consumption," from The Russian Peasantry, 1630-1900: The World the Peasants Made (1999). [savepdf]

Boris N. Mironov, "New approaches to old problems: The well-being of the population of Russia from 1821 to 1910 as measured by physical stature," Slavic Review 58 (1999): 1-26. [saveJSTOR]

Cathy Frierson, "‘Forced Hunger and Rational Restraint in the Russian Peasant Diet: One Populist’s Vision," in Musya Glants and Joyce Toomre, eds., Food in Russian History and Culture (1997), 44-66. [savepdf]

Sidney Mintz, "Food, sociality, and sugar," in Sweetnes and Power: The Place of Sugar in Modern History (1986), 3-18. [savepdf]

Urban histories

Alfred J. Rieber, "The Moscow entrepreneurial group: The new style of politics," in Merchants and Entrepreneurs in Imperial Russia (1983), 178-218. [savepdf]

Faith C. Hillis, "Capitalism and the Urban Elite," in Between Empire and Nation: Urban Politics, Community, and Violence in Kiev, 1863-1907 (2009), manuscript. [savedoc]

Socialist Realism

Boris Groys, "The birth of socialist realism from the spirit of the Russian avant-garde," Laboratory of Dreams: The Russian Avant-Garde and Cultural Experiment (1996), 193-218. [savepdf]

Boris Groys, "A style and a half: Socialist realism between modernism and postmodernism," Socialist Realism without Shores, eds. T. Lahusen and E. Dobrenko (1997), 76-89. [savepdf]

Katerina Clark, "The avant-garde and the retrospectivists as players in the evolution of Stalinist culture," Laboratory of Dreams: The Russian Avant-Garde and Cultural Experiment (1996), 259-276. [savepdf]

Gregory Carleton, "Genre in socialist realism," Slavic Review 53 (1994): 992-1009. [saveJSTOR]

Urban ecologies

Blair Ruble, Second metropolis: pragmatic pluralism in Gilded Age Chicago, Silver Age Moscow, and Meiji Osaka (2001), 265-286. [savepdf]

John McNeill, Something New Under the Sun: An Environmental History of the Twentieth-Century World (2000), 50-76, 122-128. [savepdf]

Suggested reading:

A. D. Sokolov, Resultaty analizov vody reki Yauzy (Results of examination of the water in the Yauza river) (1892) (excerpt). [savepdf]

Peasant Migration

From The World of the Russian Peasant: Post-Emancipation Culture and Society, eds. B. Eklof and S. Frank (1990):

Barbara Engel, "The woman's side: Male outmigration and the family ecnomy in Kostroma province" [savepdf]

Robert E. Johnson, "Peasant and proletariat: Migration, family patterns, and regional loyalties" [savepdf]

Jeffrey Burds, Peasant Dreams & Market Politics: Labor Migration and the Russian Village, 1861-1905 (1998), 11-39. [savepdf]

Suggested reading: James Ferguson, "Expections of permanence," from Expectations of modernity: Myths and meanings of urban life on the Zambian Copperbelt (1999): 38-81. [savepdf]

Imperial Rule and the 'Other': Imperial policies toward Muslim subjects 

F. Mostashari, On the Religious Frontier: Tsarist Russia and Islam in the Caucasus. I.B.Tauris, 2006., 65-93. [savepdf]

V. Bobrovnikov, “Islam in the Russian Empire,” in The Cambridge History of Russia, Vol. II, ed. Dominic Lieven. Cambridge University Press, 2006, pps. 202-226. [savepdf]

Robert Crews, “Empire and the Confessional State: Islam and Religious Politics in Nineteenth-Century Russia,” American Historical Review 108 (2003): 50-83. [savepdf]

Post-War Material Culture

Susan E. Reid, "Destalinization and taste, 1953-1963," Journal of Design History (1997): 177-201. [saveJSTOR]

Iurii Gerchuk, "The aesthetics of everyday life in the Khrushchev thaw in the USSR (1954-64)," in Style and Socialism: Modernity and Material Culture in Post-War Eastern Europe (2000), 81-99. [savepdf]

Susan E. Reid, "Who will beat whom? Soviet popular reception of the American National Exhibition in Moscow, 1959," Kritika 9 (2008): 855-904. [savepdf]

Maps and Geography

J. B. Harley, “Maps, knowledge, and power,” in The Iconography of Landscape (1988), 277-312.

P. Kropotkin, “What geography ought to be,” Nineteenth Century 18 (1885): 940-956. [savepdf] Russian translation

Matthew Edney, “The Ideologies and Practices of Mapping and Imperialism,” in Mapping an Empire: The Geographical Construction of British India, 1765-1843 (1990), 3-36. [savepdf]

Willard Sunderland, “Imperial Space: Territorial Thought and Practice in the Eighteenth Century,” in Burbank, von Hagen, and Remnev, eds., Russian Empire: Space, People, Power, 1700-1930 (2007), 33-66.

Vytautas Petronis, Constructing Lithuania: Ethnic Mapping in Tsarist Russia, ca., 1800-1914 (2007), 174-221. [savepdf1][savepdf2]

Mark Bassin, “Russia between Europe and Asia: The Ideological Construction of Geographical Space,” Slavic Review 50 (1991): 1-17. [saveJSTOR]

Ethnography and Anthropology

Nathaniel Knight, “Science, Empire, and Nationality: Ethnography in the Russian Geographical Society, 1845-1855,” in J. Burbank and D. Ransel, eds., Imperial Russia: New Histories for the Empire (1998), 108-141. [savepdf]

 Marina Mogilner, "Russian physical anthropology in search of 'imperial race': Liberalism and modern scientific imagination in the imperial situation," Ab Imperio no. 1 (2007): 191-223. [savepdf]

Francine Hirsch, "The Soviet Union as a Work-in-Progress: Ethnographers and the Category Nationality in the 1926, 1937, and 1939 Censuses," Slavic Review 56 (1997): 251-278. [saveJSTOR]

Europe's Russia, Russia's Europe

F. Dostoevskii, “Geok-Tepe: What is Asia to us?”, Diary of a Writer (1881). [savepdf][saveRussian][saveRussian online]

N. Danilevskii, Russia and Europe (excerpts), from Basic Dmytryshyn, ed., Imperial Russia: A Source Book, 1700-1917, 3d ed., 372-381.  (See also Jon Bone's notes on this translation.) [savepdf]

Iver B. Neumann, “Making Europe: The Russian Other,” Uses of the Other: “The East” in European Identity Formation (1999), 65-112. [savepdf]

Martin Malia, “Russia as Europe regained: 1855-1914,” from Russia under Western Eyes (1999), 163-231. [savepdf1][savepdf2]

Suggested reading:

Andrzej Walicki, “From Slavophilism to Panslavism” and “Conservative Romanticism in the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century,” The Slavophile Controversy (1975), 495-530.

Interpretations of the Russian Revolution

Stephen Kotkin, "1991 and the Russian Revolution: Sources, Conceptual Categories, Analytical Frameworks," J. Mod. Hist. 70 (1998): 384-425. [saveJSTOR]

Peter Holquist, "'Information is the alpha and omega of our work': Bolshevik surveillance in its pan-European context," J. Mod. Hist. 69 (1997): 415-450. [saveJSTOR] [savepdf (Russian)]

Ronald Suny, "Nationalism and Class in the Russian Revolution: A Comparative Discussion," in Edith R. Frankel et al, (eds.), Revolution in Russia: Reassessments of 1917 (1992), 219-46. [savepdf]

The New Soviet Man

Bernice Glatzer Rosenthal, "Concretizing the Myth: New Cult, New Man, New Morality," from New Myth, New World: From Nietzsche to Stalinism (2007), 183-208. [savepdf]

James Bowen, Soviet Education: Anton Makarenko and the Years of Experiment (1962), 91-105. [savepdf]

Oleg Kharkhordin, “Revealing the self: The individual as an object of knowledge and action,” from The Collective and the Individual in Russia: A Study of Practice (1999), 164-230. [savepdf1][savepdf2]

Memory 

Svetlana Boym, "From the Russian soul to post-Communist nostagia," Representations 49 (Winter 1995): 133-166. [saveJSTOR]

Irina Paperno, "Personal accounts of the Soviet experience," Kritika 4 (2002): 577-610. [savepdf]

Serhy Yekelchyk, "Stalinist patriotism as imperial discourse: Reconciling the Ukrainian and Russian "heroic pasts," 1939-45," Kritika 3 (2002): 51-80. [savepdf]

The Nationalities Question: Wartime Contexts

Eric Lohr, Nationalizing the Russian Empire: the campaign against enemy aliens during World War I  (2003).

Federalism

John P. LeDonne, "Regionalism and constitutional reform 1819-1826," Cahiers du Monde russe 43 (2003): 5-34. [savepdf]
Mark von Hagen, "Federalisms and pan-movements: Re-imagining empire," in J. Burbank, M. von Hagen, and A. Remnev, eds., Russian Empire: Space, People, Power, 1700-1930 (2007), 494-510. [savepdf]

The woman question in Russian history  

Elizabeth A. Wood, “The Bolsheviks and the genealogy of the woman question,” The Baba and the Comrade: Gender and Politics in Revolutionary Russia (1997), 13-39. [savepdf]

Eric Naiman, “The creation of the collective body,” Sex in Public: The Incarnation of Early Soviet Ideology (1997), 27-78. [savepdf]

Suggested reading:

Barbara Alpern Engel, "Engendering Russia's History: Women in Post-Emanicipation Russia and the Soviet Union," Slavic Review 51 (1992):309-321. [saveJSTOR]

Richard Stites, The women's liberation movement in Russia : feminism, nihilism, and bolshevism, 1860-1930 (Princeton, 1978).

E. Zdravomyslova and A. Temkina, "Sovetskii etakraticheskii gendernyi poriadok," in Rossiiski gendernyi poriadok: sotsiologicheskii podkhod (St. Petersburg, 2007), 96-137. [savepdf]

Everyday life

Vadim Volkov, "The concept of 'kul'turnost': notes on the Stalinist civilizing process," in Sheila Fitzpatrick, ed., Stalinism: New Directions (2000), 210-230. [savepdf]

Catriona Kelly, "Ordinary life in extraordinary times: Chronicles of the quotidian in Russia and the Soviet Union," Kritika 3 (2002): 631-51. [savepdf]

Alexei Yurchak, Everything Was Forever, Until It Was No More: The Last Soviet Generation (2006), 126-157. [savepdf]

Russian and European gentry

Dominic Lieven, The Aristocracy in Europe, 1815-1914 (1992), 1-20, 74-100. [savepdf] [savepdf]

Jerome Blum, "Russia," in European Landed Elites in the Nineteenth Century, ed. David Spring (1977), 68-97. [savepdf]

Marc Raeff, "The Russian nobility in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries: Trends and comparison," in The Nobility in Russia and Eastern Europe, eds. I. Banac and P. Bushkovitch (1983), 99-122. [savepdf]

The Second World War as Civil War

Alfred J. Rieber, "Civil Wars in the Soviet Union, " Kritika 4 (2003): 129-162. [savepdf]
John-Paul Himka, "War criminality: A blank spot in the collective memory of the Ukrainian diaspora," Spaces of Identity 5 (2005): 9-24. [savepdf]

Railroads and Nation-building 

Al Rieber "The formation of La Grande Société de Fer Russes," Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas 21 (1973): 375-391. [savepdf]

Steven G. Marks, Road to Power: The Trans-Siberian Railroad and the Colonization of Asian Russia, 1850-1917 (1991), chapters 4, 8. [savepdf1[savepdf2]

F. B. Schenk, “Imperial Inter-Rail: The Impact of Trans-National Perception and Competition on Railroad Policy in Tsarist Russia” (German Historical Institute Moscow, September 2008)

Suggested reading:

Bruce Bimber, "Karl Marx and the Three Faces of Technological Determinism,"  Social Studies of Science 20 (1990): 333-351. [saveJSTOR]

Memory, Public Space and Monuments

Fawkes, Reuben. “The Role of Monumental Sculpture in the Construction of Socialist Space in Stalinist Hungary”, in Socialist Spaces : Sites of Everyday Life in the Eastern Bloc. David Crowley and Susan E. Reid (eds.) Oxford : Berg, 2002, 65-84. [savepdf]

Qualls, Karl D. From Ruins to Reconstruction: Urban Identity in Soviet Sevastopol after World War II. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2009. Chapter 4: Agitation: Rewriting Urban Biography in Stone., 124-156. [savepdf]

Sezneva, Olga. “Living the Russian Present with a German Past: The Problems of Identity in the City of Kaliningrad”, in Socialist Spaces : Sites of Everyday Life in the Eastern Bloc. David Crowley and Susan E. Reid (eds.) Oxford : Berg, 2002, 47-63. [savepdf]