<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brown, J.D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Earle, J.S.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gross job flows in Russian industry before and after reform : has destruction become more creative ?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gross job flows in Russian industry before and after reform : has destruction become more creative ?</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001//</style></date></pub-dates></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Centre for Economic Policy Research (Great Britain)</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">London</style></pub-location><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pbk.</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This Paper uses 1985-99 manufacturing census data for old Russian enterprises to calculate the magnitude and productivity effects of gross job flow rates before and after reforms. Job creation was low throughout the period in this sector, but increased slightly during the transition, while job destruction rose markedly. Heterogeneity in firm employment change also increased significantly. Intra- and inter-sectoral job reallocation had no effect on aggregate labour productivity during the socialist period, while they have made a strong positive contribution during the transition. Privatization and product market competition have not led to greater job destruction overall, but rather have helped to focus the destruction in the firms with the lowest productivity.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">working paper</style></notes></record></records></xml>
